Heavy-Duty Highway Vehicles and Engines; Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicles; Zero-Emission Vehicles; Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles; and Locomotives, New Engines Used in Locomotives; Environmental protection (ICS code(s): 13.020); Air quality (ICS code(s): 13.040); Road vehicles in general (ICS code(s): 43.020); Road vehicle systems (ICS code(s): 43.040); Internal combustion engines for road vehicles (ICS code(s): 43.060); Commercial vehicles (ICS code(s): 43.080); Passenger cars. Caravans and light trailers (ICS code(s): 43.100); Electric road vehicles (ICS code(s): 43.120); Special purpose vehicles (ICS code(s): 43.160); Diagnostic, maintenance and test equipment (ICS code(s): 43.180); Railway engineering in general (ICS code(s): 45.020)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Phase 3

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating new greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for model year (MY) 2032 and later heavy-duty highway vehicles that phase in starting as early MY 2027 for certain vehicle categories. The phase in revises certain MY 2027 GHG standards that were established previously under EPA's Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles--Phase 2 rule ("HD GHG Phase 2"). This document also updates discrete elements of the Averaging Banking and Trading program, including providing additional flexibilities for manufacturers to support the implementation of the Phase 3 program balanced by limiting the availability of certain advanced technology credits initially established under the HD GHG Phase 2 rule. EPA is also adding warranty requirements for batteries and other components of zero-emission vehicles and requiring customer-facing battery state-of- health monitors for plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. In this action, we are also finalizing additional revisions, including clarifying and editorial amendments to certain highway heavy-duty vehicle provisions and certain test procedures for heavy-duty engines.

This final rule is effective on 21 June 2024. The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register beginning 21 June 2024. The incorporation by reference of certain other material listed in this rule was previously approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of 27 March 2023.